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Quantum Dots?

This video https://youtube.com/watch?v=0EokkhdppgE describes quantum dots as small semiconductors that change the color of a substance?

1) How does this work? The video shows this diagram (see attachment), but I don't understand it. What is meant by 'energy', potential energy of something? What are the 'bands'? I think the quantum dot is changing the size of the 'band gap', but how is it doing this?

2) This article, https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395193/ as will as many others mention quantum dots applications for gene therapy. How exactly to quantum dots target specific organs?

Many thanks in advanced!

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  1. The link to the article is dead.

  2. My bad, does this work:

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395193/

    The name of the article is "Nanotechnology-Based Strategies to Overcome Current Barriers in Gene Delivery".

  3. The papier you shared is only a summary of nanotechnology that can be used for gene therapy, the one explaining the quantum dots are:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642839/ (this seams to have a simple explanation)

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5546783/

    The new ones: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537666/

    They are fascinating tech , for my interest especially, the probes for real-time identification of disease-relevant biomolecules.

    This seams to be the latest summary of the current solutions and obstacles: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445243/

    Having been in the quantum dots just for screens, I can tell you that stuff is super expensive, we are talking of equipment in the ten of Millions.

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